Method for manufacturing a stator or machining the inner wall of a stator

ABSTRACT

Disclosed is a method for manufacturing a stator for an eccentric screw motor where at least two milling heads are used for machining the inner wall of the stator tube, wherein, at the start of the machining, one of the milling heads is brought to a predetermined position near the stator with respect to the end of the stator tube, the milling head is fed into the tube interior along its linear axis from this predetermined position, and a thread is machined until the milling head reaches at least the longitudinal center of the stator tube or exceeds a predetermined value, and the second milling head starts its machining of the inner wall surface of the stator tube at this point, wherein the milling head is moved along its linear axis and rotated about its rotary axis until the milling head reaches the centre of the stator tube.

The invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1 as well as a device according to the preamble of patent claim 10.

The principle (Moineau principle) of an eccentric screw motor based on a rotor rotating in a helically-shaped tube lined with elastomer and with a special inner contour as the stator. As a result of a different number of pitches of the rotor and stator (rotor pitch number=stator pitch number−1), there is a pressure build-up caused by opening and closing the chambers resulting from the different numbers of pitches. Today, the standard stator, is a tube 60 with a cylindrical outer diameter and an inner contour lined with an elastomer layer 22 applied by means of rubber injection moulding technology as shown schematically in FIG. 1. Upon operation, for example in the context of a drill motor, this results in high pressures on the flanks of the internal geometry due to the pressure build-up and by the torque which is necessary to drive the drill bit.

Due to the different wall thickness, wherein the wall thickness of the elastomer layer on the “mountain” is higher than in the “valley”, the applied elastomer layer can only withstand pressures from approximately 24 to 40 bar. At higher pressures the elastomer shifts. Cracks occur in the elastomer leading to performance degradation and destruction of the inner lining of the stator. To change or to improve this reaction, there are stators, which already feature a preformed, metallic internal geometry and are lined with a substantially thinner layer of elastomer having a constant thickness or constant wall thickness, as shown schematically in FIG. 2. Thus it is possible to increase the pressure on the flanks, as the resistance of the metal at the base of the elastomeric layer allows this over the whole geometry and, in particular, at the edges, but without loss of torque or performance. This technology involves pressing a tube 60 in the appropriate form and thus producing the internal contour and then applying the elastomeric layer 22. This has the disadvantage that individual spinning tools must be made for each different internal geometry or pitch.

The aim of the invention is to create a simple but precise method and a simply constructed apparatus, enabling the rapid and accurate manufacture of stators for eccentric screws or eccentric screw motors. Furthermore, the high costs of spinning tools are eliminated. It should also be possible to produce various internal geometries using only one milling tool and replaceable milling inserts, wherein the various internal geometries are produced by machining.

According to the invention, a method of the aforementioned type is characterised in that

-   -   at least two milling heads are used for machining the inner wall         of the stator tube, and at the beginning of the machining, one         of the milling heads approaches the stator and takes up a         predetermined position with respect to this end of the stator         tube,     -   the milling head accelerates to its machining speed from this         predetermined position with respect to its rotary axis and with         respect to its linear axis, and runs along its linear axis         inside the tube in order to form a thread, until the milling         head reaches at least the longitudinal centre of the stator tube         or a predetermined value,     -   the exit point or the exit contour of the convolutions of this         thread or another thread to be formed by this milling head at         the other opposite end of the stator tube is determined or         calculated as a function of the course of the individual threads         and the position of the milling head and/or the point of contact         on the stator tube, and that the second milling head starts its         machining of the inner wall surface of the stator tube at this         point, and that the milling head is moved along its linear axis         and rotated about its rotary axis until this milling head         reaches the centre of the stator tube or exceeds a predetermined         value, and     -   the thread formed by the respective milling head as far as the         middle of the thread to be formed, is continued by the         respective other milling head in the respective other half of         the stator tube, and is milled from the centre to the respective         other end.

The inventive method offers particular advantages when a stator being machined, as it is arranged that the inner contour has a ratio V of the length L to the diameter D where V=L:D≧30:1, preferably ≧40:1.

Machining of the stator tube, wherein the two milling heads are not interrupted, is effected when, during the movement of the one milling head inside the stator tube to the longitudinal centre, the other milling head is moved in the same direction as the first milling head as it is moved outwards from the stator tube. This naturally also applies vice versa.

Because the machining of a thread sometimes requires a large number of milling operations, it is advantageous if, upon each movement outwards of a milling head, the thread previously milled or machined, is machined during the movement inwards of this milling head.

As the middle of the stator tube has to be accurately machined, and the surface transitions of the respective milled halves of each thread are to be produced, it can be inventively provided that during each inwards or outwards movement of a milling head, half the length of a thread, possibly augmented by at least a length corresponding to 50% of the height or width of a thread, is milled, or that the respective milling head in the stator tube is moved outwards from the tube longitudinal centre by a maximum value of 50% of the height or width of the machined thread.

In order to ensure as speedy a machining as possible without milling interruption, it is expedient if, upon the second milling head reaching the tube longitudinal centre, the first milling head is returned to its starting position for the next milling operation along with a further inwards movement into the stator tube in order to form a further thread or for further machining of the same thread, and is positioned in front of the end of the tube and, upon inwards movement of the first milling head into the stator, the second milling head is moved towards the other end of the tube opposite the first milling head, or outwards from the tube.

In order to achieve a rapid, continuous and precise machining of the stator tube material, it can be provided that during the respective outwards movement of the first and/or second milling head from the stator tube, the thread flank or side opposite the thread flank or side formed during the inwards movement of the respective milling head in the stator, is machined or milled.

As a function of the shape of the threads, their number and the material of the stator tube, it may be provided that,

-   -   the speeds of the axes is kept the same and/or     -   the milling heads are moved optionally with constant and/or the         same rotational speed and/or feed rate and/or are moved         simultaneously in the same direction, and/or     -   the milling heads are alternately moved inwards into the stator         tube from the tube ends.

When using the stator tube according to the invention, it has proved to be advantageous if the circular periphery of the stator tube is kept unchanged during machining.

Furthermore, it has proved to be advantageous if an elastomer layer of a uniform thickness is applied to the inner wall surface of the stator tube after the formation of the threads.

In particular, if the pitch of the threads varies over the tube length, it can be provided that the two milling heads may be driven independently of one another, while the two milling heads or the tool holders carrying the milling heads may be independently driven with respect to the speed along the longitudinal axis and/or the rotary axis and/or the milling speed.

A device of the type mentioned above is characterised in that

-   -   two milling heads are provided for machining the inner wall of         the stator tube and are preferably independently controllable         and adjustable and rotatable via a control unit, and     -   the control unit is arranged:     -   to move one of the milling heads close to the stator tube, and         to adjust it into a predetermined position with respect to the         tube end,     -   to accelerate the milling head to a machining speed from this         predetermined position with respect to its rotary axis and with         respect to its linear axis, and to move it inwards along its         linear axis inside the tube in order to machine a thread until         the milling head reaches at least the longitudinal centre of the         stator tube or exceeds a predetermined value,     -   wherein the exit point or the exit contour of the convolutions         of this thread or another thread to be formed by this milling         head at the other opposite end of the stator tube is determined         or calculated as a function of the course of the individual         threads and the position of the milling head and/or the point of         contact on the stator tube, and that the second milling head         starts its machining of the inner wall surface of the stator         tube at this point, and that the milling head is moved along its         linear axis and rotated about its rotary axis until this milling         head reaches the centre of the stator tube or exceeds a         predetermined value, and     -   to continue or further mill the respective formed thread with         the other milling head in the other half of the stator tube.

This device is simply and reliably constructed, works efficiently and is based on known elements. Appropriately it is provided that the milling head is carried by a tool holder which carries a tool drive and/or a centering device and/or a support device and/or a chip outlet and/or a coolant supply.

It is advantageous if the tool holder comprises a bezel that can be used for the stable hydraulic guidance of the milling head, possibly via a supporting cone on the inner wall surface of stator tube.

It is also advantageous if the coolant is supplied via the drive train of the milling head, and the outlet opening for the coolant lies directly next to the milling head.

For faster machining, it may be provided that each milling head comprises a number of milling heads juxtaposed on a carrier, in order to machine or mill the same thread simultaneously.

Exemplary, but non-limiting, embodiments of the invention based on the drawings are explained in detail below:

FIGS. 1 and 2 show schematic views of known stator tubes.

FIG. 3 shows a view of a stator tube formed according to the invention.

FIG. 4 schematically shows a machining machine or device according to the invention.

FIG. 5 shows a milling head.

FIG. 6 shows a tool holder.

FIG. 7 schematically shows a milling head inside or in front of the end surface or opening of a stator tube.

At the start of manufacturing of a stator, a prefabricated metal tube with the finished length of the component, for example 6000 mm, is introduced into a machining machine 1 and centrally clamped by a chuck 2. The machining machine 1 comprises respectively on both sides of the chuck 2 or its carrier 20 a milling tool 3, 3′ which carries a milling head 4 in its front end region close to the workpiece. The axis of rotation V of the milling head 4 protrudes laterally from a tool carrier 5, which is adjustable and rotatable about its longitudinal axis L in the longitudinal direction of the tube 6. FIG. 4 shows the basic structure of a machining machine 1.

The machining machine or device 1 according to the invention comprises a carrier 20 or a frame 20, which carries a chuck 2, in which the stator tube 6 to be machined can be firmly clamped. Milling stations F1, F2 are formed on both sides of the carrier 20, wherein each has a tool holder 24 carrying a milling head 4, 4′. The milling heads 4, 4′ arranged on the tool holder 24 are shown schematically in greater detail in FIG. 5. This shows milling heads attachable to a rotating drive which can rotate them about its rotational axis V. The tool carrier 24 of the milling head 4 is movable along a longitudinal axis Z1, while the tool carrier 24 for the milling head 4′ is movable along a longitudinal axis Z2, allowing the clamped stator tube 6 to be displaced linearly in the longitudinal direction. At the same time, the milling heads 4, 4′ carried by the tool holders 24 with the respective tool holder 24 can be rotated about a rotary axis C, C′ or the longitudinal axis of the stator tube 6, so that a helical thread 10 can be milled inside the stator tube 6 by the milling heads 4, 4′. The rotational speed of the milling heads 4, 4′ can be controlled by means of the schematically illustrated control unit 23, or the tool holder 24 along the axes Z1, Z2 and only the rotary axes C, C′ moved or adjusted. FIG. 4 shows the milling heads 4, 4′ in their starting position, i.e. in a position before the start of machining of a stator tube 6 clamped in the carrier 20.

The manufacturing process is, for example, as follows:

Each milling tool 3, 3′ comprises a tool holder 24, a tool drive, a centering device, a chip outlet, a coolant supply K and the milling head 4, and is initially moved close to the tube 6 or its end face or inserted in the tube 6 until the milling head 4 is at a predetermined distance from the tube 6 at the point I, as shown in FIG. 4.

An inner bezel 25 that is also carried by the tool holder 24 is then hydraulically applied to the inner wall of the tube 6, to ensure stable guidance of the milling head 4 inside the tube 6. Further, the coolant supply 25, which is guided via the drive train or the tool holder 24 directly past the milling head 4, is brought into operation.

Thereafter, the CNC rotary axis C and the CNC linear axis Z1 is brought into operation, in particular at the same time, and given the pitch direction and the pitch angle of the thread 10 to be formed. The milling head 4 is accelerated to machining speed.

The tool holder 24 with the milling head 4 now moves at a constant feed rate along the axis Z1+ in the tube 6, and the milling head 4 thereby forms part of the thread 10 to be produced in the tube 6, for example a part of the flank 20 or 21 of the thread 10.

The path which the milling head 4 travels during manufacture depends on the tube length, the milling diameter, the distance of the milling head 4 to the tube end before commencing milling, and the tolerance. Thus the path of the milling head 4 may be calculated as follows:

-   -   Workpiece length: 6000 mm     -   Milling diameter: 20 mm     -   Distance of milling head to workpiece: 10 mm     -   Tolerance: 10 mm

${{Axis}\mspace{14mu} Z\; 1} - \frac{6000}{2} + \frac{20}{2} + 10 + 10 - {3030\mspace{14mu} {mm}}$

After reaching the calculated or predetermined starting point of the milling head 4 to commence milling, the axis Z1 stops. The axis C is rotated until the milling head 4 contacts or lies in front of the end face or the inner wall surface of the tube 6 in the region of the flank 20 of the thread 10 to be formed or machined. The starting point of this thread 10 is selected or specified. Alternatively, it may be provided that a prefabricated thread 10 is already present in the tube 6 to be milled before commencing milling.

Based on this contact point located in the end region of the tube 6, there results a defined exit point of the thread 10 at the end face II, i.e. the opposite end face of the tube 6 on a secondary imaginary spiral line in the tube, which corresponds to the thread to be formed.

Thereafter, the axis Z1− and the axis C start with a predetermined direction of rotation and constant feed and move the milling head and its tool holder 24. If the milling head 4 overshoots the centre of the tube or by a predetermined amount, it is turned off or moved out of the tube 6 again.

FIG. 6 schematically shows a tool holder 24 carrying a milling head 4. The cooling fluid conduit and the chip output unit are carried in the tool holder 24. The tool holder 24 can be supported on the inner wall of the stator tube by means of the supporting part or the bezel 25.

FIG. 7 shows a schematic section through a stator tube 6 with a tool holder 24 in section, wherein the milling head 4 is in a position at which it is placed against the flank 20, 21 of an already partially machined thread 10, or to which the milling head 4 is moved following a milling operation as a starting point for a further milling process.

If the axes Z1 and C have each travelled the minimum path which results from the matching of the determined or calculated spiral line at Point II, then the milling head 4 with its axis Z2 is moved to the left in FIG. 4 in fact with the same speed as the axis Z1. When the tool holder 24 with the milling head 4 with the axis Z1 reaches its starting point, the axis Z1 is stopped and waits until the tool holder 24 with the milling head 4′ with the axis Z2 and the rotary axis C′ reaches its inner position, and is rotated with the axis C′ to the position β or has reached the flank 21 of the thread 10, and has travelled with the axis Z2 until that point is reached, travels this time in the opposite direction on a predetermined secondary spiral line to the flat surface I at the left end of the tube.

This principle is now repeated until all threads have been machined multiple times and the chip volume and the geometry of the profile prevents entire machining by a milling tool 4, 4′ in one step. Thus, as many surface milling passes are performed with the milling heads 4, 4′, possibly with different geometries, as are necessary to achieve the desired profile and number of passes.

All movements of the milling heads 4, 4′ are controlled by the control unit 23. The linear axis and rotary axis of the respective milling head 4, 4′ correspond to the longitudinal axis and rotary axis of the tool holder 24 carrying the respective milling head 4, 4′ in its movement relative to the stator 6. 

1. A method for manufacturing a stator or for machining the inner wall of a stator for an eccentric screw or eccentric screw motor by milling of the stator tube (6), wherein at least one milling head (4) is fed in the tube interior to form the tube inner contour or the threads (10), characterised in that at least two milling heads (4, 4′) are used for machining the inner wall of the stator tube (6), wherein, at the start of the machining, one of the milling heads (4) is brought (6) to a predetermined position near the stator with respect to the end (I) of the stator tube (6), the milling head (4) is accelerated to machining speed with respect to its rotary axis (C) and with respect to its linear axis (Z1) and fed into the tube interior and along its linear axis (Z1) from this predetermined position, wherein a thread (10) is machined until the milling head reaches at least the longitudinal centre of the stator tube (6) or exceeds a predetermined value, depending on the course of the individual threads (10) and on the position of the milling head (4) and/or the location of its contact with the stator tube (6), the exit point or the exit contour of the thread (10) to be formed by this milling head (4) or another thread (10) to be formed at the other end (II) opposite the stator tube (6), is determined or calculated, wherein the second milling head (4′) starts its machining of the inner wall surface of the stator tube (6′) at this point, wherein the milling head (4′) is moved along its linear axis (Z2) and rotated about its rotary axis (C′) until the milling head (4′) reaches the centre of the stator tube (6) or exceeds a predetermined value, and the threads formed by the respective milling head (4, 4′) to the centre are continued by the other milling head (4′, 4) in the respective other half of the stator tube (6) or are milled from the centre to the respective other end (I, II).
 2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that a stator tube (6) is machined, whose inner contour has a ratio V of the length L to the diameter D of V=L:D≧30:1, preferably ≧40:1.
 3. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that during the movement of the second milling head (4′) in the interior of the stator tube (6), the first milling head (4) is moved out of the stator tube (6) in the same direction as the second milling head (4′), and/or on each movement out of a milling head (4, 4′), the thread (10) previously milled in the movement in of this milling head (4, 4′) is machined and/or during each movement in and movement out of a milling head (4, 4′), the half length of a thread (10), possibly increased by a length corresponding to 50% of the height or width of a thread (10), is milled.
 4. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the respective milling head (4, 4′) is fed into the stator tube (6) beyond the tube longitudinal centre by a value of at most 50% of the height or width of the machined thread (10).
 5. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that upon the second milling head (4′) reaching the tube longitudinal centre, the first milling head (4) is positioned in its initial position before the end of the tube (6) for the next milling operation and for further feeding into the stator tube (6) in order to form a further thread (10) or repeated machining of the same thread (10), and upon insertion of the first milling head (4) in the stator tube, the second milling head (4′) is moved out in the direction of the other end of the tube opposite the first milling head (4) or out of the tube (6).
 6. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that during the respective movement outwards of the first and/or second milling head (4, 4′) from the stator tube (6), upon feeding of the respective milling head (4, 4′) into the stator tube (6), the flank or side surface opposite the formed thread flank (20) or side surface (21) of the thread (10) is machined or milled.
 7. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the speeds of the axes (Z1, Z1′) are kept equal and/or the milling heads (4, 4′) are moved optionally with constant and/or equally high rotation speed and/or feed speed and/or respective simultaneous movement in the same direction and/or the milling heads (4, 4′) are alternately moved in from the tube ends in the stator tube (6).
 8. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the circular periphery of the stator tube (6) is kept unchanged during machining and/or that an elastomer layer (22) is applied with a uniform thickness on the inner wall surface of the stator tube (6) after the formation of the threads (10).
 9. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the two milling heads (4, 4′) can be driven or are driven independently of one another, and the two milling heads (4, 4′) are can be driven or are driven independently with respect to their speed along the longitudinal axis (Z1, Z2) and/or about their rotary axis (C, C′) and/or their milling rate.
 10. Device for manufacturing a stator or for machining the inner wall of a stator tube (6) for an eccentric screw or an eccentric screw motor by milling a stator tube (6), wherein, to form the tube inner contour or threads (10) in the stator tube (6), at least a milling head (4, 4′) is provided that can be fed into the tube interior, in particular for performing the method according claim 1, characterised in that two milling heads (4, 4′) are provided for machining the inner wall of the stator tube (6) and are preferably independently controllable, adjustable and rotatable by a control unit (23), and the control unit (23) is configured: to approach one of the milling heads (4) to the stator tube (6) and to move it to a predetermined position with respect this tube end, to accelerate the milling head (4) to its machining speed out of this predetermined position with respect to its rotary axis (C) and with respect to its linear axis (Z1), and to move it along its linear axis (Z1) into the tube interior in order to machine a thread (10) until the milling head (4) reaches at least the longitudinal centre of the stator tube (6) or exceeds a predetermined value, depending on the position of the milling head (4) and/or the location of its first contact with the stator tube (6), the exit point or the exit contour of this formed thread (10) or of another formed thread (10) at the other opposite end of the stator tube (6) is determined or calculated, and the second milling head (4′) is moved to this point at which the machining of the inner wall surface of the stator tube (6) begins, and the second milling head (4′) is moved along its linear axis (Z2) and rotated about its rotary axis (C′) until it reaches at least the longitudinal centre of the stator tube (6) or exceeds a predetermined value, and these respectively formed threads (10) continue in the other half of the stator tube (6) or are further milled with the other milling head (4, 4′).
 11. Device according to claim 10, characterised in that the inner wall surface of the stator tube (6) that is optionally lined with an elastomer (22), has a dimension or inner contour with a ratio V of the length L to the diameter D of V=L:D≧30:1, preferably 40:1.
 12. Device according to claim 10, characterised in that the milling head (4, 4′) is supported by a tool-holder (24) which comprises a tool drive and/or a centring device and/or supporting means and/or a chip outlet and/or a coolant supply.
 13. Device according to claim 10, characterised in that the tool-holder (24) comprises a bezel (25) that can be used for the stable hydraulic guidance of the milling head (4, 4′) to the inner wall surface of the stator tube (6), if necessary via a supporting cone.
 14. Device according to claim 12, characterised in that the coolant supply (25) is supplied via the drive train of the milling head (4, 4′), wherein the outlet opening for the cooling fluid is located directly by the milling head.
 15. Device according to claim 10, characterised in that each milling head (4, 4′) comprises a number of adjacent milling heads located on a carrier in order to simultaneously machine or mill the same thread (10). 